Seed islands vs seed orchards – Fact sheet

This fact sheet is based on a study of establishing a network of native tall tree seed orchards vs seed islands. It shows how both seed islands and seed orchards support native forest regeneration.

What seed islands and seed orchards do

Seed islands are small planted areas that help forests return to the land around them. As native trees grow, birds and wind spread their seeds into nearby spaces. Seed islands work well in places with few natural seed sources and need little maintenance.

Seed orchards are managed plantings that grow high‑quality seeds from selected parent trees. These orchards support large‑scale forest restoration and commercial planting. They produce reliable seed supplies but need more investment, care, and planning.

Benefits and biodiversity

Seed islands support strong biodiversity because they use a mix of native species that create natural, layered habitats. These habitats attract birds and insects that help native forests thrive.

Seed orchards also support wildlife, but their biodiversity is more limited because they focus on a smaller number of selected species. Their main strength is the consistent supply of genetically improved seeds.

Choosing the right approach

Your choice depends on your goals, budget, and timeline. Seed islands suit small projects and low‑cost restoration. Seed orchards suit long‑term, high‑volume seed needs.

Both approaches benefit from genuine partnerships with mana whenua. These partnerships help protect cultural values, rongoā species, and mahinga kai traditions.